Moving to philosophical musings: I am not familiar with the laws of other nations, but in the U.S., the Constitution gives citizens the right to bear arms, and that isn't just for hunting. Since it is legal to bear arms for self-defense, I would say that Romans 13 allows for lethal force to be used by an American against an intruder who may have violent intent.
Christians, in the same chapter, are not given the option to engage in violent insurrection against the government. The question is, what is the legitimate government? The Constitution declares itself to be the "supreme law of the land". Practically speaking, the Federal Government is the supreme law of the land, and it often overrides the Constitutional limits set for it.
If an American Christian obeys a Federal law that violates the Constitution, is he in compliance with Romans 13? Or, vise versa?
As Americans we are not subjects like those in Rome were or any other nation in history. We are the rulers and sovereigns over the government not the other way around. We have the obligation as the guardians to see our nation follows the constitution. We not only have the right but the duty to overthrow those who seek to destroy our nation as granted in the declaration of independence. Please read our founding documents and what the founders wrote to see what our rights and responsibilities are as American citizens.
I think your musings are interesting and rather relevant, notably the statement I've highlighted. The primary purpose of our Constitution is to restrain government from interfering with the citizen's right to "moral agency" (aka "freedom). Pres. Obama lamented this, rightly calling it a document of "negative rights" because of its explicit restraint on - not our freedom- but government freedom. The rights specified in it are God-given, but they imply (IMHO) commensurate obligations of individual citizens to protect those rights and prevent tyranny. This point was well made by @jerichoo777, as cited below. But, I'd like to provide the following amplifications.
This duty, we may note, has actually been codified (variously) for the purposes of administering the oath of office to our representatives (politicians), the oath of service for our military personnel, AND (rather significantly) the "Oath of Allegiance" made by naturalized citizens. All of these must swear to "support and defend the Constitution". It seems rather unlikely that an argument could be crafted that it somehow this duty doesn't apply to the rest of us. IF we had preserved basic education in American History, Civics, Ethics, Philosophy, Rhetoric and Reason, we'd know better than to think this is duty can be shirked without consequence. One might say, the repercussions of that (like removing prayer from school) was more-or-less "baked in the cake" (per Galatians 6:7).
This duty doesn't (technically, by law) exist in any other country, where rights are granted by and can be revoked by the government. Some other countries have attempted to adopt versions of the US Constitution model, but have always failed to incorporate (or preserve) the cohesive logic and, more importantly, the underlying foundation of the document, notably best described by John Adams:
“Because we have no government, armed with power, capable of contending with human passions, unbridled by morality and religion. Avarice, ambition, revenge and licentiousness would break the strongest cords of our Constitution, as a whale goes through a net. Our Constitution was made only for a moral and religious people. It is wholly inadequate to the government of any other.” - John Adams, Letter to the Officers of the First Brigade of the Third Division of the Militia of Massachusetts, October 11, 1798.
As we have become, along with the rest of the world, an amoral and a non-religious people, the precepts of our Constitution are failing (and/or have failed). But, it remains (technically) the law of the land and if Christians are to obey the supreme law of the land - which was intended to protect their right to obey God Himself - we need to take that into consideration. Not that the sort of resistance that may be required would prevent being squished like a bug. It almost certainly guarantees it.
I'd add one more (albeit provocative) thought. I've read here (often enough) that using lethal force against criminals (or tyrants) would lead to the death of those who (ostensibly) might be converted. That's simply a logical fallacy. The principal justification for such violence is to prevent them from taking that freedom (to choose and/or obey God) from their victims, including oneself.
As Americans we are not subjects like those in Rome were or any other nation in history. We are the rulers and sovereigns over the government not the other way around. We have the obligation as the guardians to see our nation follows the constitution. We not only have the right but the duty to overthrow those who seek to destroy our nation as granted in the declaration of independence. Please read our founding documents and what the founders wrote to see what our rights and responsibilities are as American citizens.