Sermon on the Mount

[townerka]

Matthew Chapter 5 Question

I have been doing some studying lately on Chapter 5 and I am still confused by what Jesus is referring to as the Law. Is he referring to the entire Old Testament? Is that the Law? Sometimes Jesus mentions the Law and sometimes he mentions Commandments. Are the Law and the Commandments he gives one and the same?

I'm asking because of Jesus' warning in Matthew 5:19. He warns against teaching that some of the commandments are annulled.

I've also done some reading that the Church is under a new covenant. Where is this new convent mentioned? If we are under a new covenant that's great but I want to be careful about "teaching" which commandments we are under? Deuteronomy 6:5 is a commandment and one Jesus says is the greatest. So we are obviously to follow at least some of the commandments or Laws in the Old Testament?

Which ones do we follow and which ones do we not? Understand my confusion? haha

Matthew 5:17
Do not think that I came to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I did not come to abolish but to fulfill.

Matthew 5:19:
Whoever then annuls one of the least of these commandments, and teaches others to do the same, shall be called least in the kingdom of heaven; but whoever keeps and teaches them, he shall be called great in the kingdom of heaven.

I also want to mention that I understand completely that we are saved by grace and that keeping the Law or the Commandments doesn't save us. I'm asking this question because I want to be the best witness I can be to those around me. I want to keep God's Commandments so that others can see my light shine and glorify Jesus.

 

[townerka]

Did I stump the elders here? Lol

 

[livin_in_the_Son]

Well, this is my take... the ten commandments were given to us in order to show us our sin. There's no way we can keep them, in order to be saved.

Jesus did again proclaim Deuteronomy 6:5 as a commandment, but added, Mark 12:31. To love our neighbor as ourselves.

As a saved, believer in Christ... if I love God, I will obey His commandments. That's how I show my love to Him. John 14:21.

However, God knows that we are sinners, and we will fail in following His commandments.
God shows His love for us by not making that a deal-breaker. I can fail in following all of the commandments, and as long as I am saved, I will go to heaven.

Yes, we are saved thru faith... but faith without works is dead. Someone who has the Holy Spirit indwelling then, will want to obey God, and will be convicted, and heartbroken when they don't... so we pray for forgiveness and begin again.

If you want to be the best witness, then live your life for God. Pray to Him that you submit all of you to Him... and admit that you're not perfect, and never will be.

That's my opinion.

 

[mattfivefour]

The Law, as used by Jesus, referred to the Five books of Moses and all that was written in them. The laws are categorized in the Ten Commandments but are not limited to them. That said, Jesus summarized ALL of the law into two. The first is to love the Lord Your God with all your heart soul and mind. The second, He said, is like unto it: namely. to love your neighbor as yourself. It is interesting the wording that Jesus used in introducing this second one—"like unto"—for the Greek adjective homois (literally, "similar" or "resembling") carries with it the connotation of something being of equal rank or of a similar importance. In other words, it is impossible to keep the law of loving God without also keeping the law of loving all whom He created in His own image.

When Paul refers to the Law, he is speaking of that same thing plus all of which the priests, rabbis and scribes had added to it over the years. When Paul says that we do not need to keep the Law for Christ kept it for us (Ephesians 2:15) and His death took away the Law that was against us (Colossians 2:14), freeing us from its demands (Romans 7:4-6), he is stating the New Covenant truth revealed by God. (The fact that there is a New Covenant that replaces the Old is given in Jeremiah 31:31:34; Luke 22:20; 2 Corinthians 3:6; Hebrews 7:22; 8:6-13; 9:15; 12:24.)

Now, as you can see from what you have read in those latter scriptures above, God said that the New covenant would function on the basis of Him having fulfilled the Law (Hebrews 9:15 shows that God did not set the Old aside but fulfilled it so a second could be made) and having written it on the hearts of man rather than on tables of stone. In other words, the Law would no longer be externally imposed but internally generated. See, that is the wonderful thing about the New Covenant— it does not rely on man to keep it, but God. In fact, the entire purpose of the Old Covenant was to prove to man that he could NOT keep it. If man HAD been able to keep it, then it wopuld not have been necessary for God to institute the system of sacrifices. That is why in Hebrews, the God refers to the Law of the Old Testament as weak and useless and to the New Covenant as a better covenant.

Therefore, under the New Covenant, we wind up keeping God's law because it is written on our hearts by the Holy Spirit indwelling us. We are fundamentally changed at salvation and afterward are enabled to progressively lead a new life (Galatians 2:20). As Livin_in_the_Son says above, "Someone who has the Holy Spirit indwelling then, will want to obey God, and will be convicted, and heartbroken when they don't... so we pray for forgiveness and begin again."

You see, our righteousness does not come by the Law (Galatians 2:21.) It comes by faith in Christ and what He did on the Cross alone (Romans 3:22, 4:11-13; Galatians 2:16; 3:22). At the Cross, ALL that we need and ever will need was provided to us.

I hope this helps. If not, please write.

 

[townerka]

That helps a lot. Can you expand on Matthew 5:19 a bit? What commandments is Jesus referring to exactly if it's not the Law?

 

[DaveS]

Good afternoon townerka,

I have been doing some studying lately on Chapter 5 and I am still confused by what Jesus is referring to as the Law. Is he referring to the entire Old Testament? Is that the Law? Sometimes Jesus mentions the Law and sometimes he mentions Commandments. Are the Law and the Commandments he gives one and the same?

The law referred to is contained in the Mosaic Covenant, which spans over Exodus, Leviticus, Deuteronomy, and Numbers. The Law and the commandments are the same, they are numbered at 613, and they are treated biblically as a whole; that is, the law when spoke of refers to all 613 commandments.

I'm asking because of Jesus' warning in Matthew 5:19. He warns against teaching that some of the commandments are annulled.

That's a loaded question... Here's why. Jesus doesn't warn against teaching that some of the commandments are annulled. Why would that be an issue? Where specifically does He give the warning?

The answer is, He doesn't... He warns that all of the Law must be complied with, all the way down to the very least of the commandments, every jot and tittle. Jesus could not teach against keeping the Mosaic Law because the Mosaic Law was still in force.

I've also done some reading that the Church is under a new covenant.

It's important to understand that the New Covenant isn't made with, fulfilled in, or fulfilled by the church. That would be replacement Theology... The key to understanding our place (the church) is found in understanding all of the Covenants, their purposes, and their participants. The significance of your study of Matthew 5, is that Jesus could only relate the keeping of the Law Covenant with the participants of the Covenant, that being Israel. Therefore, you can't read the church into the passages that you're studying in Matthew 5...

Where is this new convent mentioned?

Where, has satisfactorily been answered by the moderator above.

If we are under a new covenant that's great but I want to be careful about "teaching" which commandments we are under? Deuteronomy 6:5 is a commandment and one Jesus says is the greatest. So we are obviously to follow at least some of the commandments or Laws in the Old Testament?

Which ones do we follow and which ones do we not? Understand my confusion? haha

No... The church is not bound to the Mosaic Covenant. The Mosaic Law stood as a wall of partition, therefore it had to be done away with. Think back to the unity I mentioned of the Mosaic Law, if the believer is to keep any of the Mosaic Law, the believer becomes indebted to keeping the whole Law; this principle is taught by Paul in Gal. 5:3.

I also want to mention that I understand completely that we are saved by grace and that keeping the Law or the Commandments doesn't save us. I'm asking this question because I want to be the best witness I can be to those around me. I want to keep God's Commandments so that others can see my light shine and glorify Jesus.

The believer is under the Law of Messiah... the church isn't lawless. The Law of Messiah is found through-out the gospels and epistles. You would do well to read, understand, and apply principles and commands found in both the Old and New Testament. You just have to be careful in how you relate the church to those commands...

I kept my reply brief, I would think that it would spur a certain amount of discussion or questions.

Kind regards,
Dave

 

[DaveS]

<snip>
"In fact, the entire purpose of the Old Covenant was to prove to man that he could NOT keep it."

"Therefore, under the New Covenant, we wind up keeping God's law because it is written on our hearts by the Holy Spirit indwelling us."

Just curious... Do the above comments reflect the theory that if anyone (theoretically) could have kept the Law, then that person could have been saved on the basis of keeping it? What is the basis of man's spiritual salvation during the current dispensation? That is, on what basis is man reconciled with God... Surely not by keeping God's law.

 

[DaveS]

Here's a good, brief, introduction to the Mosaic Law, it's purposes, and some basic principles on how the church relates to it. By Dr. Woodhead.

There are four aspects of the Law that the Christian needs to understand in order to form a sound basis for understanding what the Law is and what its intent was as given by God.

1. There are a total of 613 Laws

The first 10 that commonly are referred to as the Ten Commandments are not the Law. The Law is a singular word and it is used in Scripture to refer to this unit of 613.

1. The Law was given by angels to Moses.

The angelic delivery was not revealed in the O.T. but was always in Jewish lore. It does appear in the N.T in three places.

Act 7:53 Who have received the law by the disposition of angels, and have not kept [it].

Galatians 3:19 b [and it was] ordained by angels in the hand of a mediator.

Hebrews 2:2 For if the word spoken by angels was stedfast, and every transgression and disobedience received a just recompense of reward;

1. The Law had five purposes.

We will examine each in light of the Scripture that explains the purposes to us. First we must fully understand that the Law was never a means of salvation. If that were true then salvation would be achieved by works and not by grace through faith. (Ephesians 2:8-9) Scripture is very clear on this point. Further if one in any dispensation could perform some human act to achieve salvation there would be no need for Christ to have come to earth and shed His blood. Now the content of faith changes from dispensation to dispensation or administration to administration. By content we mean that the level of revelation that God has made available to the particular dispensation. The individual’s faith can only be up to the level or content of what God has revealed within that dispensation. We believe in progressive revelation whereby God has chosen to reveal increasingly more about Himself as human history advances over time. The person who believes then is responsible to the “content” of faith that is available to him in each dispensation. We call them saints.

When an Old Testament Saint died, his body went into the ground and his soul went to Abraham’s Bosom because the sacrifices required by the Law were insufficient to get him into Heaven. They were sufficient to keep him out of Hell. Sin in every dispensation have to be removed by the blood of the Lord Jesus Christ. The Old Testament unsaved who died went to Hell. When Christ died he went to Hades (side 1), not Hell to free the captives. Today when a New Testament saint dies his body goes into the ground and his soul goes straight to Heaven. The unbelievers go straight to Hell. After the thousand-year reign of Christ on the earth (Millennium), the inhabitants of Hell, Tartarus, and the Abyss will be cast into the Lake of Fire. (The Greek word for the Lake of Fire is Gehenna, which means a burning garbage dump)

The Five Purposes are:

1. 1. To reveal the holiness of God and the standard of righteousness that God demanded.
   2. To Provide a conduct of life for the Old Testament Saint. The Law then was give to those who loved God and wanted to keep His commandments as much as humanly possible. Those who did not love God would have no desire to keep the law and fulfill its obligation. Eli’s sons are an example of this. The outward demonstration of a believer’s faith in the O.T. was to keep the Law.

Romans 3:20 Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the law [is] the knowledge of sin.

Romans 3:28 Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law.

1. 1. To reveal sin.

Romans 3:19-20 Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God. Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the law [is] the knowledge of sin. Moreover the law entered, that the offence might abound. But where sin abounded, grace did much more abound:

Romans 7:7 What shall we say then? [Is] the law sin? God forbid. Nay, I had not known sin, but by the law: for I had not known lust, except the law had said, Thou shalt not covet.

1. 1. To make one sin more. The sin nature uses the Law as a basis of operation. So as the Law becomes known humans have a tendency to want to challenge the Law by increased sin. One statement that helps to clarify this is when one it told to follow the Law that person will say, “Oh yeah? Well make me!’ Therefore the level of sin grows and becomes more evident.

Romans 4:15 Because the law worketh wrath: for where no law is, [there is] no transgression.

Romans 7:8 But sin, taking occasion by the commandment, wrought in me all manner of concupiscence. For without the law sin [was] dead.

Romans 7:9-13 For I was alive without the law once: but when the commandment came, sin revived, and I died. And the commandment, which [was ordained] to life, I found [to be] unto death. For sin, taking occasion by the commandment, deceived me, and by it slew [me].Wherefore the law [is] holy, and the commandment holy, and just, and good. Was then that which is good made death unto me? God forbid. But sin, that it might appear sin, working death in me by that which is good; that sin by the commandment might become exceeding sinful.

I Corinthians 15:56 The sting of death [is] sin; and the strength of sin [is] the law.

1. 1. To lead us to faith. It did this as our tutor or teacher as the Apostle Paul tells us in Galatians 3:24.

Galatians 3:24 Wherefore the law was our schoolmaster [to bring us] unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith.

1. THE LAW HAS COME TO AN END

We must realize that the Mosaic Law has come to an end. It is no longer operative and it has fulfilled its purpose. Some believe that there are three sections of the Law; the ceremonial, the moral and the civil; and the moral is continued in the New Testament. The moral aspects of God’s desire for us have been restated in the N.T. It is not a rehashing of the Law nor has the Law passed through to the N.T. We must realize that the Law expired and is no longer operative at all. As mentioned earlier the Law had 613 individual components but they were regarded as one unit. Therefore if one of the 613 was broken then the entire Law was violated. Because the blood of Christ fulfilled all the requirements of the Law it provides the believer all that is necessary for righteous behavior and salvation as well.

Romans 10:4 For Christ [is] the end of the law for righteousness to every one that believeth.

So Christ give us His righteousness at the moment of salvation.

Of the various components of salvation there are two that need to be noted.

Justification and Sanctification

The Law justifies no one.

Romans 3:20 Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the law [is] the knowledge of sin.

The Law also sanctified no one. It made nothing perfect.

Hebrews 7:19 For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope [did]; by the which we draw nigh unto God.

The Law was temporary until the Seed would come. (the seed of the woman is Christ)

Galatians 3:19a Wherefore then [serveth] the law? It was added because of transgressions, till the seed should come to whom the promise was made;

With the change from the Law of Moses to the Law of Christ came a change in the priesthood.

Hebrews 7:11-14 If therefore perfection were by the Levitical priesthood, (for under it the people received the law,) what further need [was there] that another priest should rise after the order of Melchisedec, and not be called after the order of Aaron? For the priesthood being changed, there is made of necessity a change also of the law. For he of whom these things are spoken pertaineth to another tribe, of which no man gave attendance at the altar. For [it is] evident that our Lord sprang out of Juda; of which tribe Moses spake nothing concerning priesthood.

The O.T priest had to be of the tribe of Levi and the Kings all had to be of the tribe of Judah. Since Christ is of the tribe of Judah the New Covenant accommodates this by annulling the Law. Christ is a King and a Priest after the order of Melchisedec.

Hebrews 7:18-19 For there is verily an (annulling) of the commandment going before for the weakness and unprofitableness thereof. For the law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope [did]; by the which we draw nigh unto God.

The Law was a wall of separation between the Jews and the Gentiles.

Ephesians 2:11-15 Wherefore remember, that ye [being] in time past Gentiles in the flesh, who are called Uncircumcision by that which is called the Circumcision in the flesh made by hands; That at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world: But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ. For he is our peace, who hath made both one, and hath broken down the middle wall of partition [between us]; Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, [even] the law of commandments [contained] in ordinances; for to make in himself of twain one new man, [so] making peace;

Ephesians 3:5-6 Which in other ages was not made known unto the sons of men, as it is now revealed unto his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit; That the Gentiles should be fellowheirs, and of the same body, and partakers of his promise in Christ by the gospel:

There are four unconditional covenants that God made with the Jews.

1. The Abrahamic
2. The Land (Palestine)
3. Davidic
4. New Covenant

Each had spiritual and material blessings. As long as the Mosaic Covenant was in effect there was no way for Gentiles to enjoy the blessings of the Covenants. The only way for them to join in these blessings was to become proselytes. This was the legal separation between the two groups.

Daniel E. Woodhead Ph.D